Joseph Priestley’s pneumatic chemistry, including oxygen, nitrous oxide, ammonia and carbonated water, helped lay foundations for science that reaches into everyday life. Generations of researchers, clinicians and inventors have built on those foundations. Today, that story runs from a child’s hospital bedside to industries contributing millions to public finances.
O₂Discovery lifesaving care
Breathing is everything.
4.2 million
children with severe pneumonia were estimated to need oxygen each year in low- and middle-income countries.
Up to 122,000 childhood pneumonia deaths could be prevented annually by strengthening oxygen supplies.
UNICEF · 2020 estimate WHO · potential lives saved
£Discovery industry public revenue
Small bubbles. Lasting impact.
£327 million
in UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy receipts in 2024–25 alone, according to provisional HMRC figures.
Priestley’s carbonation experiments form part of the history of the modern drinks industry. The levy applies to qualifying sugary drinks, including still drinks; it is public revenue, not income paid to our family or Institute.
HMRC · published January 2026 Priestley’s scientific contribution
CO₂Carbonation in everyday life · UK, 2025
From an experiment
to billions of litres.
6.161 billion
litres of carbonated drinks sold in the UK in 2025, with a sales value of £12.048 billion.
BSDA’s category excludes energy drinks and sparkling water. This measures drinks sold, not the number of individual people drinking them.
BSDA · Industry Insights 2026, page 10108Public finance · worldwide
Revenue with
a public purpose.
WHO reported in December 2023 that 108 countries taxed at least some sugar-sweetened beverages. These taxes can raise public revenue while supporting health policy.
Tax rates, coverage and spending differ between countries. The figure covers sugary beverages, not only fizzy drinks; no single global total of receipts is established here.
WHO · global beverage taxation, 2023 The next chapter needs support
A lasting legacy does not fund itself.
We receive no financial backing from the commercial industries connected to these discoveries. Yet our ambition remains to create, share knowledge and contribute to human wellbeing.
We are asking for donations to help The Priestley Institute pursue its research and education mission, and to keep this scientific heritage accessible. Your support can help turn that ambition into work that others can build on.
Help the next chapter of discovery begin.
Support The Priestley Institute Visit the Institute to enquire about donating.